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BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
Bone Marrow Transplant
Bone marrow transplant is performed to interchange the damaged bone marrow. The damage might be because of a disease or infection or chemotherapy. This medical procedure involves transplanting blood stem cells that travel to the bone marrow, where they produce new blood cells and enable the growth of new marrow. This helps your body produce enough white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells to prevent anaemia, bleeding disorders, or infections.
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Need for a Bone Marrow Transplant
Bone marrow transplant is performed on patients whose marrow isn’t functioning properly. This could be due to cancer treatments, disease, or chronic infections.
A few reasons for a bone marrow transplant include:
- Aplastic Anemia
A disorder where the marrow stops producing new blood cells. - Chemotherapy
Marrow getting damaged due to cancer treatments - Leukaemia
- Multiple myeloma
- Lymphoma
- Congenital neutropenia
An inherited disease that leads to reoccurring infections. - Thalassemia
An inherited blood disorder where the human body produces an abnormal form of Haemoglobin. - Sickle cell anaemia
An inherited blood disorder that distorts the red blood cells.
Types of Bone Marrow Transplant
Autologous Transplants
- Autologous transplants are performed using one’s stem cells.
- The patient’s cells are harvested before starting treatment for the damaged cells.
- After the treatment is done, the person’s cells are replaced in their body.
- This type of transplant cannot be implemented if the patient doesn’t have healthy bone marrow.
- But, this procedure saves the person from serious complications, such as GVHD.
Allogeneic Transplants
- Allogeneic transplants are performed using the cells of a donor.
- This procedure is necessary if the person has a condition that has damaged the bone marrow cells.
- Still, they have a greater risk of serious complications, such as GVHD.
- The patient should also be on medication so that the body doesn’t attack the new cells.
- The purpose of an Allogeneic transplant is proven on how closely the donor’s cells match the patient’s.
Preparation of Bone Marrow Transplant:
- Before the actual procedure, doctors will take several tests and analyze what type of bone marrow cells you need.
- The patients might have to go through another radiation session or chemotherapy to dispatch all the cancer cells or marrow cells before getting new stem cells.
- During the treatment, the fighting ability of the patient’s immune system will diminish. Thereby losing the strength to oppose infections.
- Henceforth, the people who are receiving bone marrow transplants are laid in a special section of the hospital. This reduces the risk of getting infections or being exposed to it.
- The transplants can be emotionally taxing. Agarwal Medical Tourism will ensure that the patients get the right counselling to answer their queries.
- It is important that the patients feel confident before the actual transplant and that their questions are thoroughly answered.
The Actual Procudure
- After a couple of days of preparation, the patient will be ready for the final step.
- During the surgery, the new stem cells will be inserted through a thin tube that goes through the vein into the patient’s chest, called the central line.
- The surgery goes for a couple of hours.
- The patient will be awake and will not feel any pain.
- After the procedure, the new stem cells will find their way to the patient’s bone marrow.
- The preservatives from the frozen stem cells can cause certain side effects for which the doctors will prescribe medications.
- The patients will get extra fluids, along with medicines, to flush out the preservatives from their bodies.
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